animals

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                                                                          Animals in the garden     

In 2007  I  have started to describe the animals in the garden. Many insects have their own page. I don't describe all animals. For example no birds and bees.
                
Frogs

Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)  Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)     Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)    Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)    Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)  eggs Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)

Edible Frog, green frog  (Rana esculenta)

They live on the bank of our pond. Green frogs hibernate in the mud at the bottom of ponds or ditches over the winter and wake up in spring, when the weather warms up. In this case in the pond.  
On the third photo a young frog in April.
They eat insects, but also larvae, slugs and worms.
Edible frogs and common frogs deposit their eggs in big lumps. Edible frogs are later (the end of May  to early June) First they eat a lot, when they are waked up.
Distribution: In Europe from the Mediterranean area to Southern Scandinavia. In the Netherlands the population has decreased.   
German: Teichfrosch  French: Grenouille verte

Common frog (Rana temporaria) Common frog (Rana temporaria)  Common frog (Rana temporaria)  Common frog (Rana temporaria) Common frog (Rana temporaria)  Common frog (Rana temporaria) eggs Common frog (Rana temporaria)
Common frog (Rana temporaria)

The common frog breeds in ponds in March, April. Throughout the summer months they will range far from their breeding ponds and may be found almost anywhere in our garden.
Today (5 March 2007) my woman discovered a frog in a bucket with rain water. Normally it is not easy to make photos. So first I have taken some photos, before it got its freedom again.
The common frog is the most widespread frog in Europe. They
only hibernate, when it gets very cold. You may encounter the Common Frog from late February to early October.  They eat the same food as the edible fog.
On 1 April (no joke) we saw the first frogspawn in the pond. Left under you also see eggstrings of the
Common Toad (Bufo bufo).
On 3-11 I saw the last common frog. It looked well-fed. What  is necessary of course to hibernate. Its colour is light green now.  
German: Grasfrosch  French: Grenouille rousse

Newts

Smooth Newt, Common Newt (Triturus vulgaris) Smooth Newt, Common Newt (Triturus vulgaris) Smooth Newt, Common Newt (Triturus vulgaris)
Smooth Newt, Common Newt (Triturus vulgaris) Smooth Newt, Common Newt (Triturus vulgaris)
Smooth Newt, Common Newt (Triturus vulgaris) It’s a small newt. It is found throughout Europe and lives in a large part of Europe (except in Spain, southern France and far north) It’s the most northern living newt specie, because it is found in Norway and Sweden. In the Netherlands it is most widespread newt. From April  to June (the breeding season) they are in the pond, afterwards they go on land. The adults also hibernate on land.
Today (5 March 2007) I have found smooth newts in the water meter box (dry). Every year smooth newts hibernate in the box. They seem always very thin. Especially if you compare them with a salamander, which I had found the same day in small pond, which I was cleaning. One newt I had almost forgotten. On the photo you can see why. (mimicry) The belly is orange with dark spots. You can see, if you lay them on their back. They played dead on this photo.
During the breeding season they develop a wavy crest; continuous from head to tail.
German: Teichmolch  French: Triton ponctué, lobé, vulgaire

Toads

Common Toad (Bufo bufo)  Common Toad (Bufo bufo)  Common Toad (Bufo bufo)  Common Toad (Bufo bufo)  Common Toad (Bufo bufo)  eggs  Common Toad (Bufo bufo)  eggs     

Common Toad (Bufo bufo) 

Family
true toads or Bufonidae.You can read more about it on wikipedia. 
I was (11 March. 2007) working  at the compost heap, when I saw the common toad hidden in the heap. I have taken some photos, before the toad disappeared again in the heap. 
During the day you only see them  in the breeding season. Then the many smaller males are waiting for the females (March-April) They always return to the water in which they were born. The male toads also disturb the frogs.
In our neighbourhood males clamber onto the backs of females and they return together to the water. 
Now there have been constructed special tunnels under the road for these toads.
In the pond appear long strings of two-stranded eggs.
Than the adults leave the pond and hunt in the evening for food (ants, slugs, earthworms).They secrete a toxin, that makes them unpleasant to predators to eat.
The photo with the double string with eggs twisting around the vegetation has been taken on 1 April. The other on 2 April.
The little toad on the photo was born the year before.  

German: Echten Kröten  French: Crapaud commun

Snails  and slugs 

Two photos of gastropods which means 'stomach foot'. During pruning I have collected snails. The brown slug I found on the compost heap. I found the other slugs in the water meter box. 

Snails  and slugs  snails

It was more difficult to take photos of gastropods, than I thought. Two slugs moved surprisingly fast in all directions. When  I had to load the accu, the other slug started also to move. I had put the snails back in the bucket for an other photo and had released the slugs on the compost heap.
Most gastropods are hermaphrodites, which means that each animal is both male and female.  When slugs have mated, both participants will later lay hundreds of eggs. Gastropods have a muscular foot which is used for moving. They secret a mucus or slime on which they glide.  The brown snail is a Chocolate Arion, Large Red Slug (Arion rufus). This slug gives me the most trouble. It eats even the cactuses with sharp spines. I see the large red slug also by day, when it is cloudy. On the photo it is in rest. Slugs, when attacked, can contract their body. The grey with dark spots is a Great Grey Slug, Great slug, Grey slug, Leopard slug ( Limax maxi sparrow) It has a hort keel on the rear end of the body It can grow to be as long as 20 cm. It ‘s feeding mostly on rotting plant matter and fungi. But I’ve read also on other slugs. They live for up to three years. The large slug is also a great grey slug. The green one is a  Yellow Slug (Limacus flavus)

 
 Yellow Slug (Limacus flavus) Yellow Slug (Limacus flavus) The Yellow Slug was not to determine  from the photo with the other slugs. So I have made some photos of an other yellow slug. It is also a keeled slug, which has a yellow body with grey mottling, and pale blue tentacles. Length:10 cm. This species is strongly associated with human habitation, and is usually found in damp areas such as cellars, kitchens, and gardens, at night. I find them in the water meter box.

The snails are less aggressive in our garden. The large shell is of a Brown Garden Snail, Common Garden Snail (Cornu aspersum, Helix aspersa) That day, I only saw an empty shell. Strange, for mostly I find them everywhere. Perhaps because the dryness at that moment.  When conditions become too dry, the snail will retreat into its shell and seal the entrance with a parchment-like barrier known as an epiphragm, just like in the winter. Ten years.
The grove snail or brown-lipped snail (Cepaea nemoralis is closely related to the white-lipped snail (Cepaea hortensis) and shares  the same habitat. The grove snail is larger and has a dark brown lip to its shell in stead of a white lip.  But grove snails are  polymorphic in their shell colour and banding. White, yellow, pink, dark brown. Light and dark bandings. The bandings vary in number. So it is difficult to determine.
Control of Slugs and Snails: On and around the cactuses I use Escar-go. It causes slugs and snails to stop feeding and die within 3 to 6 days. It is not toxic and can be used around pets and wildlife. I no longer plant hostas. If I find gastropods on sensitive plants, I  put them on the compost heap. There they can eat. 
Other sensitive plants in the garden: Bear's Breeches,
Spiderwort  (Spiderwort especially at the end of the bloom time), Golden groundsel,  White coneflower  For these plants I use sometimes (but not often) esgar-go. I no longer buy plants such as tagetes (or Marigolds) for the garden. I let as much as possible nature goes its own way.

Enemies: thrushes, beetles, moles, hedgehogs and mice.

There are also many small snails in the garden. You have to look under stones and leaves in the garden. They are mot harmful.

Rounded snail, Rotund Disc (Discus rotundatus) 
Rounded snail, Rotund Disc (Discus rotundatus) 
In the Netherlandsthis this spieces is not to confuse with other spieces. Characteristics: Shell pale yellowish brown with red-
brown stripes. The shell is about 6 mm.
The little snails eat vegetable matter and fungi. I found the snails under stones, broken branches especially near the compos heap. 
Rounded snail, Rotund Disc (Discus rotundatus)    Rounded snail, Rotund Disc (Discus rotundatus)    German: Gefleckte Schüsselschnecke, Gefleckte Knopfschnecke  French: 
Waxy glass snail (Aegopinella nitidula) 
The shell of the
Aegopinellahas has a surface gloss. The shell of this species is a little mat. This shell is affected by erosion and is 9 mm. They can already be found in spring.
Photo: Early May.

Waxy glass snail (Aegopinella nitidula)  Thanks for determination Arjan de Groot en Tello Neckheim
Succinea putris Family ambersnails (Succineidae) Succinea putris Family ambersnails (Succineidae)


This snail I photographed in June. I do not know how it came into the garden.
Because a Succinea putris lives in damp places. E.g. wet meadows and marshes.
This is a young snail. They be almost 2 cm. The name amber snails because the fragile,transparant, amber-colored shell. 

Succinea putris Family ambersnails (Succineidae) Succinea putris Family ambersnails (Succineidae)

German: Gemeine Bernsteinschnecke  French: Ambrette commune

Een interesting site about snails and slugs:  The world of snails


Spiders

Kruisspin (Araneus diadematus)

Kruisspin (Araneus diadematus)

Kruisspin (Araneus diadematus) European garden spiderdiadem spider, or cross spider (Araneus diadematus) Family orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae)

At the end of the summer the garden is full of webs. Many webs are from the European garden spider. They often span a great distance. 
The females are  adult in the second year of their lives. They are much larger than the males. That is at the end of the summer. Hence the many big webs. The mating is risky for the males, for they can be eaten by the female.

When it is freezing the adult spiders die.

The eggs are in cocoons and are deposited in autumn. This way they hibernate. The young spiders, which hatch in the spring, release long silken threads to travel on the wind to other areas. (ballooning)
Cross spider because of the the white dots on its back forming a cross. Its colour is from light yellow to dark grey.
Length 11 - 18 mm.
Western Europe, parts of  North America

German: Gartenkreuzspinne  French: épeire diadème

More information about spiders: Subpage animals:  Spiders

Other insects

Here a few insects, which don't belong to the other insects on this site. But I think, they very interesting.

Caddisflies It is a glyphotaelius pellucidus

Caddisflies It is a glyphotaelius pellucidus

Caddisflies It is a glyphotaelius pellucidus

Caddisflies It is a glyphotaelius pellucidus

Caddisflies It is a Glyphotaelius pellucidus. Order Trichoptera. 

This is a common species in Holland and is to recognize because of the notched outside edge of the forewing. In the Netherlands  are  177 species. The larvae prevent in the water and build a cocoon using materials such as silk, silt, small fragments of rock, sand, small pieces of twig, aquatic plants. I see them  oft  in the pond.
Each species has its own kind of cocoon. When the Caddisfly is ready to go into metamorphosis, it will seal itself inside it's cocoon. It emerges in four weeks as a pre-adult.  Then it will swim out of the water and shed one more skin before it's wings will be fully formed, and it's able to fly away.
Most adults are non-feeding. The female caddisfly will often lay eggs (enclosed in a gelatinous mass) by attaching them to the plants of the pond above or below the water surface.
Most species have long antennae.

Green lacewing  (Chrysoperla carnea)

Green lacewing  (Chrysoperla carnea)

Green lacewing  (Chrysoperla carnea)

Green lacewing  (Chrysoperla carnea)  Green lacewing  (Chrysoperla carnea) Order: Planipennia.

There are many species lacewings. Some species are very similar.
The four transparent wings are in rest folded like a little roof. It has large golden eyes. A general species in the Netherlands.
The eggs are laid at the tip of long stalks on the surface of leaves. The larvae feed on aphids, while adult animals also feed on nectar. It is a night animal.
In the greenhouses they are used against aphids. Larvae of some species are camouflaged with pieces of plants or dead aphids. An example.
Two generations in a year. The adult overwinters and turns in a brownish pink colour. The larva on this photo is perhaps of an other species.
Length: 10 - 17 mm.
German: Gemeine Florfliege oder Grüne Florfliege   French: Chrysope verte

   larva lacewing  larva lacewing

Scorpion fly female  Panorpa germanica 
Scorpion fly female  Panorpa germanica
Scorpion fly male  Panorpa germanica
Scorpion fly male  Panorpa germanica

Scorpion fly (Panorpa)  Family Mecoptera.

They have four wings.
The common scorpion flies do not like the sun. They are found on vegetation in damp, shaded places as hedgerows. (Panorpa vulgaris likes shaded and sunny places) They feed mainly dead insects, but they eat also insects like aphids, rotting fruit.
The name scorpion it has got, because
the shape of the male genitalia, which is held forward above the abdomen like a scorpion's stinger  During the mating the female of the male gets a drop of saliva.
Look: example 1 with the explanation:  The a slightly enlarged inset highlights the notal organ, dorsally in the middle of the male's abdomen, that clamps the female wing to hold on. Traditionally this is believed to help in coercing mating duration (or 'rape' to begin with), especially when other resources (see below) are scarce and/or the male is starved, but Kock et al. (2009) challenge this functionality (?!)
and example 2    with the explanation: The male (left) provides a nuptial gift (dead arthropod mass) to the female before mating, the female (right) is here seen chewing it away while the male is seen producing a salivary mass to provide for her as a follow up.
Eggs are laid in soil. The larvae (caterpillar-like) live in the leaflitter. There is one generation a year.
Length: about 15 mm.  
German: Schnabelfliegen, Schnabelhafte  French: Mécoptères

In 1990 I have taken more photos. Arp Kruithof has determined these scorpion flies. Thanks Arp.

Male: Panorpa germanica  Male: Panorpa germanica Male: Panorpa germanica Male: Panorpa germanica  Male: Panorpa germanica Male: Panorpa germanica
Man: Panorpa vulgaris  Man: Panorpa vulgaris Male: Panorpa vulgaris  Female: Panorpa germanica - Maybe P. vulgaris.  Female: Panorpa germanica - Maybe P. vulgaris. Female: Panorpa germanica - Maybe P. vulgaris.
You can find much more information on the German  forums. But it is in the German language. 
http://insektenfotos.de/forum/thread.php?threadid=10388       and          http://www.entomologie.de/cgi-bin/webbbs_neu/forum.pl?read=94727                                           

  

nest wren I have no birds on my gardensite. But I have made an exception for the wren. This is its nest in the barn. (1 april) 

 

oscar This is Oscar. The cat of our daughter. Sometimes it stays with us.

Two photos of Oscar two years later. (May 2009) His eyes are not well. He can't see much. But Oscar still loves the garden. Even when it is a half year ago, he has visit us, he has forgotten nothing.

On the bridge over the pond. On the bridge over the pond.
At the edge of the pond. At the edge of the pond.

Links:
A beautiful site with much information:  
The Garden Safari
Natural History Photographs By Cor Zonneveld.
Vliegen en Muggen van J.A. van Erkelens  A new site about flies with many beautiful photos of Joke van Erkelens.
In pond and stream This website of Gerard Visser contains pictures of small creatures in pond, stream and ditch.
InvertebrateIreland Online is a portal site to information about the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates of Ireland, putting Checklists compiled by acknowledged experts in the Irish fauna online.
Photos of insects  A random collection of insects. The photos were taken by Keith Edkins in or near Cambridge, mostly in his garden
A Nature Observer's Scrapbook The images and diary records which follow simply represent the astonishing biodiversity of species near Horncastle in East Lincolnshire, UK.
A new forum:
http://www.nature-of-oz.com/apps/forums/     

    Nederlands / Dutch                                                                               

garden summer winter dune animals/links beetles wasps/bees   France Scotland  England2
spring summerflowers houseplants     butterflies bugs  hoverflies/1   Ireland Czechia   Spain 
spring'07 autumn euphorbia damsel/dragonflies  flies hoverflies/2   England links  

Subpage flies:          Tachinidae   Blow-flies (Calliphoridae)   House flies (Muscidae)  Soldierflies (Stratiomyidae)  Root-Maggot Flies (Anthomyiidae)         
Subpage beetles:         Ground beetles (Carabidae)   Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae  Snout beetles, weevils                     
Subpagie butterflies:    Atalanta, Red Admiral
Subpage dragonflies:    Southern Hawker, Blue Hawke
Subpage animals:         Spiders
Subpage summer flowers:   Weeds and wild plants in the garden


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