In
2007 I have started to describe the animals in the garden. Many insects
have their own page. I don't describe all animals. For example no birds and
bees. Frogs
Edible
Frog, green frog(Rana
esculenta)
They live on the bank of our pond. Green
frogs hibernate in the mud at the bottom of ponds or ditches over the winter and
wake up in spring, when the weather warms up.
In this case in the pond.
On
the third photo a young frog in April.
They eat insects, but also larvae, slugs and worms. Edible frogs and common frogs deposit their eggs in big
lumps.Edible frogs are later (the end of Mayto early June) First they eat a lot, when they are waked up.
Distribution: In Europefrom
the Mediterranean area toSouthern
Scandinavia. In the Netherlands the population has decreased.
German: Teichfrosch French: Grenouille verte
Common
frog (Rana
temporaria)
The common frog breeds in ponds in March, April. Throughout the summer
months they will range far from their breeding ponds and may be found
almost anywhere in our garden.
Today (5 March 2007) my woman discovered a frog in a bucket with rain
water. Normally it is not easy to make photos. So first I have taken some
photos, before it got its freedom again.
The common frog is the most widespread frog in Europe. They only
hibernate, when it gets very cold. You
may encounter the Common Frog from late February to early October. They eat the same food as the edible fog.
On 1 April (no joke) we saw the first frogspawn in the pond. Left under
you also see eggstringsof
the Common
Toad (Bufo bufo).
On 3-11 I saw the last common frog. It looked well-fed. What is
necessary of course to hibernate. Its colour is light green now. German: Grasfrosch French: Grenouille
rousse
Newts
Smooth
Newt, Common
Newt (Triturus
vulgaris) It’s a small newt. It
is found throughout Europe and lives
in a large part of Europe (except in Spain, southern France and far north)
It’s the most northern living newt specie, because it is found in Norway
and Sweden. In the Netherlands it is most widespread newt. From Aprilto June (the
breeding season)
they are in the pond, afterwards they go on land. The adults also
hibernate on land.
Today (5 March 2007) I have found smooth newts in the water meter
box(dry). Every year smooth
newts hibernate in the box. They seem always very thin. Especially if you
compare them with a salamander, which I had found the same day in small
pond, which I was cleaning. One newt I had almost forgotten. On the photo
you can see why. (mimicry) The belly is orange with dark spots. You can
see, if you lay them on their back. They played dead on this photo.
During the breeding season they develop a wavy crest; continuous from head
to tail. German: Teichmolch
French: Triton ponctué, lobé, vulgaire
Toads
Common Toad(Bufo bufo)
Family true toads
or Bufonidae.You can read more about it on wikipedia.
I was (11 March. 2007) workingat
the compost heap, when I saw the common toad hidden in the heap. I have
taken some photos, before the toad disappeared again in the heap.
During the day you only see them in the breeding season. Then the
many smaller males are waiting for the females (March-April) They always
return to the water in which they were born.The male toads also disturb the frogs.
In our neighbourhood males clamber onto the backs of females and they
return together to the water.Now
there have been constructed special tunnels under the road for these toads. In the pond
appear long strings of two-stranded eggs.
Than the adults leave the pond and hunt in the evening for food (ants, slugs, earthworms).They
secrete a toxin, that makes them unpleasant to predators to eat.
The photo with the double string with eggs twisting around the vegetation
has been taken on 1 April. The other on 2 April.
The little toad on the photo was born the year before.
German:
Echten Kröten French: Crapaud commun
Snails and slugs Two
photos of gastropodswhich
means 'stomach foot'.
During pruning I have collected snails. The brown slug I found on the compost
heap. I found the other slugs in the water meter box.
It
was more difficult to take photos of gastropods, than I thought. Two slugs
moved surprisingly fast in all directions. WhenI had to load the accu, the other slug started also to move. I had
put the snails back in the bucket for an other photo and had released the
slugs on the compost heap. Most gastropods are hermaphrodites, which means that each animal is both
male and female.When slugs have mated, both
participants will later lay hundreds of eggs.
Gastropods have a muscular foot which
is used for moving.
They secret a mucus or
slime on which they glide.
The brown snail is a Chocolate Arion, Large Red Slug(Arion rufus).
This slug gives me the most trouble. It eats even the cactuses with sharp
spines. I see the large red slug also by day, when it is cloudy. On the
photo it is in rest. Slugs,
when attacked, can contract their body. The
grey with dark spots is a Great Grey Slug, Great slug, Grey slug,
Leopard slug ( Limax maxi sparrow) It
has a hort keel on the rear end of the body It can grow to be as long as 20 cm.
It ‘s feeding mostly on rotting plant matter and fungi. But I’ve read also on other
slugs.They
live for up to three years.
The large slug is also a great grey slug. The green one is a Yellow
Slug (Limacus flavus)
The Yellow Slug was not to determinefrom
the photo with the other slugs. So I have made some photos of an
other yellow slug. It is also a keeled slug, which has a yellow body with grey
mottling, and pale blue tentacles. Length:10 cm. This species is strongly
associated with human habitation, and is usually found in damp areas
such as cellars, kitchens, and gardens, at night. I find them in the
water meter box.
The snails are
less aggressive in our garden. The large shell is of a Brown Garden Snail, Common Garden Snail
(Cornu aspersum, Helix aspersa) That day, I only saw an empty shell. Strange, for mostly I find them
everywhere. Perhaps because the dryness at that moment.When conditions become too dry, the snail will retreat into its
shell and seal the entrance with a parchment-like barrier known as an
epiphragm, just like in the winter. Ten years. The grove snail
or brown-lipped snail
(Cepaea nemoralis is
closely related to the white-lipped snail (Cepaea hortensis) and shares
the same habitat. The grove snail is larger and has a dark brown lip
to its shell in stead of a white lip.But grove snails are polymorphic
in their shell colour and banding. White, yellow, pink, dark brown. Light
and dark bandings. The bandings vary in number. So it is difficult to
determine. Control of Slugs and Snails: On and around the cactuses I use Escar-go.
It causes slugs and snails to stop feeding and
die within 3 to 6 days. It is not toxic and can
be used around pets and wildlife. Ino longer plant hostas.
If I find gastropods on sensitive plants, Iput them on the compost heap. There they can eat.
Other sensitive plants in the garden: Bear's Breeches, Spiderwort(Spiderwort
especially at the end of the bloom time), Golden groundsel,White coneflowerFor these plants I use sometimes (but not often) esgar-go. I no
longer buy plants such as tagetes (or Marigolds) for the garden. I
let as much as possible nature goes its own way.
Enemies: thrushes,
beetles, moles, hedgehogs and mice.
There are also many small snails in the garden. You
have to look under stones and leaves in the garden. They are mot harmful.
Rounded snail, Rotund Disc (Discus
rotundatus)
In the Netherlandsthis this spieces is not to confuse with other spieces.
Characteristics: Shell pale yellowish brown with red-
brown stripes. The shell is about 6 mm.
The little snails eat vegetable matter and fungi.
I found the snails under stones, broken branches especially near the compos
heap.
Waxy
glass snail (Aegopinella nitidula)
The shell of the Aegopinellahas
has a surface gloss. The shell of this species is a little mat. This shell
is affected by erosion and is 9 mm. They can already be found in spring.
Photo: Early May.
Thanks for determination Arjan de Groot en Tello Neckheim
Succinea putris Family ambersnails
(Succineidae)
This snail I photographed in June. I do not know how it came into the
garden.
Because a Succinea putris lives in damp places. E.g. wet meadows and
marshes.
This is a young snail. They be almost 2 cm. The name amber snails because
the fragile,transparant, amber-colored shell.
German:
Gemeine Bernsteinschnecke French: Ambrette commune
European garden spider, diadem
spider, or cross spider (Araneus diadematus) Family orb-weaver
spiders (Araneidae)
At the end of the
summer the garden is full of webs. Many webs are from the European garden
spider. They often span a great distance.
The females are adult in the second year of
their lives. They are much larger than the males. That is at the end of
the summer. Hence the many big webs. The mating is risky for the males,
for they can be eaten by the female.
When it is freezing the adult spiders die.
The eggs are in cocoons and are deposited in
autumn. This way they hibernate. The young spiders, which hatch in the
spring, release long silken threads to travel on the wind to other
areas. (ballooning)
Cross spider because of the the white dots on its
back forming a cross. Its colour is from light yellow to dark grey.
Length 11 - 18 mm.
Western Europe, parts of North America
German: Gartenkreuzspinne French: épeire
diadème
More information about spiders: Subpage animals: Spiders
Other insects
Here a few insects, which don't belong to the other
insects on this site. But I think, they very interesting.
Caddisflies
It is a Glyphotaelius pellucidus. Order Trichoptera.
This is a common species in Holland and
is to recognize because of the notched outside edge of the forewing. In
the Netherlands are177
species. The larvae prevent in the water and build a cocoon using materials such as silk, silt, small fragments of rock, sand, small pieces of
twig, aquatic plants.I see themoftin the pond. Each species has its own kind of cocoon. When the Caddisfly is ready to go into metamorphosis,
it will seal itself inside it's cocoon. It emerges in four weeks as a
pre-adult. Then it will swim out of the water and shed one more skin
before it's wings will be fully formed, and it's able to fly away. Most adults are non-feeding. The female caddisfly
will often lay eggs (enclosed in a gelatinous mass) by attaching them to
the plants of the pond above or below the water surface.
Most species have long antennae.
Green lacewing (Chrysoperla
carnea) Order: Planipennia.
There are many species lacewings. Some species are very similar.
The four transparent wings are in rest folded like a little roof. It has
large golden eyes. A general species in the Netherlands.
The eggs are laid at the tip of long stalks on the surface of leaves. The
larvae feed on aphids, while adult animals also feed on nectar. It is a
night animal.
In the greenhouses they are used against aphids. Larvae of some species
are camouflaged with pieces of plants or dead aphids. An example.
Two generations in a year. The adult overwinters and turns in a brownish
pink colour. The larva on this
photo is perhaps of an other species.
Length: 10 - 17 mm.
German: Gemeine Florfliege oder Grüne Florfliege
French: Chrysope verte
larva lacewing
Scorpion fly female Panorpa germanica
Scorpion fly male Panorpa germanica
Scorpion fly (Panorpa) Family Mecoptera.
They have four wings.
The common
scorpion flies do not like the sun. They are found on vegetation in damp,
shaded places ashedgerows. (Panorpa vulgaris likes shaded and sunny places) They feed mainly dead insects, but they eat also insects like aphids,
rotting fruit.
The name scorpion it has got, because
the shape of the male genitalia, which is held forward above the abdomen
like a scorpion's stingerDuring the mating the female of the male gets a drop of saliva. Look: example
1with
the explanation: The a slightly
enlarged inset highlights the notal organ, dorsally in the middle of the
male's abdomen, that clamps the female wing to hold on. Traditionally this
is believed to help in coercing mating duration (or 'rape' to begin with),
especially when other resources (see below) are scarce and/or the male is
starved, but Kock
et al. (2009) challenge this functionality (?!)
and example
2with the explanation: The male (left)
provides a nuptial gift (dead arthropod mass) to the female before mating,
the female (right) is here seen chewing it away while the male is seen
producing a salivary mass to provide for her as a follow up. Eggs are laid in soil. The larvae (caterpillar-like) live in the
leaflitter. There is one
generation a year. Length:
about 15 mm.
German: Schnabelfliegen, Schnabelhafte French: Mécoptères
In
1990 I have taken more photos. Arp Kruithof has determined these scorpion
flies. Thanks Arp.
I have no birds on my gardensite. But I
have made an exception for the wren. This is its nest in the barn. (1 april)
This is Oscar. The cat of our
daughter. Sometimes it stays with us.
Two photos of Oscar two years later. (May 2009) His eyes are not well.
He can't see much. But Oscar still loves the garden. Even when it is a
half year ago, he has visit us, he has forgotten nothing.
On the bridge over the pond. At the edge of the pond.
Links:
A beautiful site with much information: The Garden
Safari Natural
History PhotographsBy
Cor Zonneveld. Vliegen
en Muggen van J.A. van Erkelens A new site about flies with many beautiful photos
of Joke van Erkelens. In
pond and stream This website of Gerard
Visser contains pictures of small creatures in pond, stream and ditch. InvertebrateIreland Online is a portal site to information about the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates of Ireland, putting Checklists compiled by acknowledged experts in the Irish fauna online. Photos
of insects A random collection of
insects. The photos were taken by Keith Edkins in or near Cambridge, mostly in
his garden A
Nature Observer's ScrapbookThe
images and diary records which follow simply represent the astonishing
biodiversity of species near Horncastle in East Lincolnshire, UK.
A new forum: http://www.nature-of-oz.com/apps/forums/