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Nederlands / Dutch

                                                                                Summer flowers.

The plants are ordered by Botanical names.

Bear's Breeches (Acanthus molli). They can be very beautiful.  It loves a sunny place.  You can propagate acanthus by seed, but it’s also possible by dividing. Bloom time: Vll, Vlll. Native to southern Europe.

Thousand-leaf,  Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Bloom time: Vl - X. Sunny. It grows in all types of soil and is drought tolerant It’s the wild species. Yarrow is a common roadside herb but also nice in my garden. There are many cultivars, but I like this specie. Yarrow can spread both by seed and by means of creeping stems.  Achillea  refer to Achilles, the Greek hero, he used Yarrow  to heal his solders' bleeding wounds.  Millefolium means thousand leaf  (The leaves are deeply divided)

Aconite, Monkshood, or Wolfsbane (Aconitum) Monkshood belongs to to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae)Bloom time for this species: Vll - lX. It is a highy toxic plant. Sun to Partial Shade. Rich humusy soil and persistent moistness.

Anise hyssop  (Agastache foeniculum  It is known for its anise scented foliage. Native to North America. For insects an attractive plant. You can see many bees on the flowers. Anise hyssop can be sown in spring. Bloom time VI - VIII. Sun, light shade. The soil has to be well-drained. Frost-tolerant to -7. c.

Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) Bloom time: V - lX. Family: Rosaceae. Well-drained, light, moist soil. Full sun, Partial shade. Native to Europe. It will reseed itself. The entire plant is covered in very fine hairs that cause dew or soft rain to gather in it's leaves. This liquid was known as "celestial water" and used in alchemy to make gold. It is used for  menstruation problems. It has also been used externally for wounds and skin irritations.

Meadow anemone (Anemone canadensis) This anemone will flower at the beginning of the summer. Sunny. The plant prefers light well-drained soil. You can get large beds of plants. Meadow anemone grows up from rhizomes (underground runners that lie parallel to the surface and sprout new plants).

Windflower (Anemone Honorine Jobert ) blooms at the end of the summer (Vll - X). Windflowers can be divided in the spring. Propagation can also be done by root cuttings.  Humus-rich, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade.

Columbine (Aquilegia) I have had columbines with purple-blue and white flowers in the garden for years. They reseed  everywhere. Now I have also sown other colours. They are less strong. They are flowering later. Bloom time: lV - Vll. They love moist, rich, well drained soil. In the wild  the columbine have a bushy growth habit.

Goatsbeard. (Aruncus) Goatsbeard does well in almost any soil, in sun, or shade. Height: 2 m . Bloom time: Vl.  Vll  But the flowers are at their peak for about 10 days. The plants are dioecious (separate male and female plants) To get new plants, divide clumps in spring  In wintertime the plant has disappeared.

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis subsp. oficinalis) Bloom time: V - VI (small greenish flowers) After flowering there are berries. Asparagus ofcourse we know as a plant, which we can eat the young shoots. But you can have a beautiful plant in the garden. It is a perennial. Height: Up to 2 m. The plant has many much-branched feathery foliage.

False Spirea,  Astilbe At the edge of the pond I have a number of Astilbes. Bloom time Vl - Vll.  Native to Asia and North America. Moist, rich, organic, well-drained soils. You can multiply  by dividing. Semi shade - shade. I have also got astilbes with white and pink flowers.

Butterfly Bush (Buddleia, Buddleja) They are attractive to butterflies, but also to other insects.There are many flower colours. I have also got a white species.  Bloom time: Vll - lX. Full sun, Partial shade. The flowers smell deliciously. You can prune it back after  winter. Many species  bloom on new growth. Propagation: take in spring cuttings (20 cm )

Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty (Calystegia sepium) It is  gardenweed. It twines around the garden plants. But the flowers are beautiful, so at some places I let it grow. Bloom time: Vl - lX.

Peach-Leaved Bellflower (Campanula persicifolia) Lilac-blue flowers. The white specie is called Alba. Bloom time: Vl - Vlll. Prefers a well-drained, fertile soil in sun or partial shade.  Native to Europe.

Serbian bellflower (Campanula poscharskyana) Native in the Balkans. Groundcover, spreading by rhizomes and sometimes it self-seeds. Full or part sun. It likes good drainage, fairly drought tolerant. Bloom time: VI - X. The flowers are  star-shaped. (Most of the campanula species are bell-shaped)

Nettle-leaved Bellflower, (Campanula trachelium) Bloom time: Vl - lX..  Full sun, partial  shade. Well-drained soil, not too dry.  It’s a native wood plant. In the Netherlands, it has become rare. But not in our garden, for  they reseed themselves.

Cupid's dart, blue cupidone, cerverina (Catananche caerulea) Beautiful  blue flowers on thin, wiry stems. They prefer full sun, and a rich, well drained soil. They are a drought tolerant plants. It is a short-lived perennial , but it will reseed itself. Bloom time Vl – lX. Native to southwest Europe. Cupid’s dart was used by both the Greeks and the Romans as a key ingredient in love potions.

Yellow knapweed (Centaurea macrocephala) Family Compositae or Asteraceae) Bloomtime: V - VIII.  Full sun. A robust cornflower with narrow, oval and dissected leaves. During the blooming large flowerheads appear first. Almost like an yellow artichoke. When the soil is fertile, there are more flowers. Suitable as cut flower. Height: 125 cm.

Red / White (albus) valerian or Jupiter's beard (Centranthus ruber 'Çoccineus' en 'Albus') Bloom time: Vll – lX  Sun to Partial Shade. It does well in poor, infertile soils.

Houttuynia (Chameleon houttuynia) This plant grows in my very little swamp. Plants spread by underground runners. Bloom time VI - VII. It has leaves broadly edged in yellow and flecked with red. Especially in August the colours are beautiful.

Pink Turtlehead (chelone)  Moist, fertile soil that is well-drained. Clump forming. The first years they didn’t grow well. Perhaps too dry and too much shade. Now they get more light. Half shade. Bloom time: Vll - X. They are found in the wild in North America.

Shasta daisy (Chrysanthemum maximum) This plant is  standing for years in the garden. Clump forming perennial and it also reseeds itself. Blooming time: Vll - lX. Full, or partial sun and well-drained soil.

Feverfew, Manzanilla, Featherfew, Featherfoil, Wild Chamomile (Chrysanthemum parthenium)  Family: Asteraceae.  Full sun. Feverfew will thrive in the poorest soils.( well-drained ) Formely Fewerfew already was used  to relieve some types of menstrual problems (pathenos is Greek for virgin) Feverfew has been used for reducing fever, for treating headache. The plant doesn't live long, but  it reseeds itself. Bloom time: Vll - Vlll.

Thread-leaf coreopsis, Tickseed (Coreopsis verticillata).I also came across the name "lice flower", due to its sensitivity for aphids. Thank goodness I haven't noticed anything of it. Flowers: VII - X. A very beautiful fine leaf. Thickseed can spread in the garden by rhizomes and self-seeding. The plant has been grown over by others behind the house. In the front garden, where shorter plants are present, it is taking over others. Sunny: rather dry soil. Imported from the East and Central of North-America.

Maiden Pink (Dianthus deltoides "Flashing light") Pink family or carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).  Bloomtime: VI - VIII.  Full sun. Height 10 - 20 cm. A nice plant for a rock garden.  It looks a lot like the wild species. They do well in sandy soil. They are not very old, but they will self-sow themselves.

Common Foxglove, Purple Foxglove or Lady's Glove (digitalis) It is a herbaceous biennial plant. The leaves, flowers and seeds of this plant are all poisonous. Family Plantaginaceae. The plants are native in Europe, North-America and West Africa. Digit means finger. Partial shade. Tolerant of a wide range of soils, except very wet or very dry. It self-seeds freely.

White coneflower (Echinacea) Bloom time: Vll - lX. Full sun or light shade. Well drained, fertile soilGenerally you see the purple coneflower. Coneflower is also an important medicinal plant. Native to the United States.

Hairy willow-herb (Epilobium hirsutum) Family Onagraceae. Sun, partial shade, wildflower. Native to Europe. Bloom time: VI - IX. The soil should be constantly moist. It spreads by seeds and by rhizomes. The plant has thick underground rhizomes.

Mexican Daisy, Santa Barbara Daisy, Fleabane (Erigeron karvinskianus 'profusion') Family: Asteraceae (Compositae) Bloom time VI – IX. Full or part sun. Prefers a moist, well drained soil. The beautiful white flowers change to pink as they age. The plant develops widely. I ‘ve bought the plants this year (2007). It is also used for hanging baskets. The beautiful white flowers change to pink as they age. The plant develops widely. I ‘ve bought the plants this year (2007). Lying flat along the ground to upright growth.

"Bowles" perennial wallflower ("Erysimum "bowles mauve") Family: Cruciferae.  Bloom time: V - X.  Height: 60 cm.  It is a beautiful, woody-stemmed shrub. Perennial but short-lived. The plant has beautiful blue-gray leaves. Full sun and  well drained soil. Propagate: take cuttings in May to July; sew in May.

Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica 'Ricartonii') In contrast to other fuchsias this fuchsia is winter hardy. It is flowering up to the winter. Native in Chile and Patagonia. Plants are pollinated by humming birds in the wild’here by moths.  Sunny, half shade. Humus-rich, well-drained soils, but also clay soils. Cuttings usually succeed at any time during the growing season.

Daylily (Hemerocallis ' Sammy Russell ') There are many species. This is one of most known species. Sun to partial shade. Fertile, well-drained soil. Full sun promotes flower initiation. Each flower only opens for one day.  (Hemerocallis  means in Greek ''beautiful for a day') Bloom time: VI – VII.

Geranium endressii. It is a large family, with wild species. They love sun. But half shade is no problem. Geranium endressii is a quick spreader. Also in the lawn. Bloom time: Vl - Vll. Cut back hard in mid-summer to encourage fresh new foliage and another flush of flowers.

Geranium magnificum. I hope the name is correct. The geranium grows already more than thirty years at the same place. So it isn’t a invasive species. Beautiful flowers, but for a short time.  Bloom time: Vl. Light shade to full sun.

Geranium phaeum. They reseed themselves. But it is not difficult to get rid off  and the flowers are beautiful . Shade is no problem.  They grow everywhere. Bloom time V - Vll.

Aaron's beard, Rose of Sharon, Great St-John's wort, Jerusalem star. (Hypericum calycinum) Height: 40 cm. high. It 's a low, creeping, woody shrub. It spreads vigorously by branching underground stems and can cover quite a large area. Full sun (more flowers) to partial shade. The soil has to be well-drained. Bloom time: Vl – lX. Native from Turkey to Bulgaria.

Hypericum elite 'Orange Wave' Bloom time: Vl - X. Afterwards the shrub gets beautiful berries.

Hibiscus. (Hibiscus syriacus) Fam. Malvaceae. Bloom time Vll - X.  Native in parts of Asia. Is called Rose of Sharon in North America, a name also applied for the Hypericum. It is reaching 2-4 m in height, so I have to prune the shrub. The flowers are beautiful. The Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) is  family, but is not winter-hardy.

Hortensia, Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculat 'Kyushu')  The soil should be constantly moist and well drained, but less moist than for the most other species. During hot weather, they need plenty of water Bloom time Vl - lX. Hydrangea also should be pruned after flowering so they can develop "old wood" to support blossoms the following summer.

Hortensia (Hydrangea macr. 'Rotkehlchen') has a center of fertile, relatively non-showy flowers and an outer ring of showy, sterile flowers. It is a pity, they need so much water, during hot weather. Shade is no problem. Bloom time Vl – lX.

Hortensia Macrophylla. (I think) It is a cutting of a shrub of my parents. (One of the easiest ways to propagate hydrangea is by layering.) Fifty years ago this shrub was already flowering near a ditch at the farm. Bloom time Vl – lX.

Common Ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio jacobaea)  Bloom time: Vll- X.  This is a biennial weed, but it is beautiful in the garden and you can find many insects on the flowers. It starts to bloom  around St-Jacob (July 25) The alkaloids in the plant are poisonous especially to horses, but also to other animals. Normaly it is not eaten by animals, but the alkaloids remains in hay. There are no meadows near my garden and I only have two plants. The place where it appears, is a surprise.The plant favours well-drained soils but will grow in most ground conditions. A dense grass sward provides less of an opportunity for the seeds to germinate. They are spread by the wind.

Everlasting Pea 'White Pearl' (Lathyrus Latifolius 'White Pearl')  This is a cultivated variety  Bloom time: Vll - VIII. Full sun, partial shade. It ‘s a perennial relative of the sweet pea. A climber with winged stems. Height 2 m.  Fertile moist soil. Native to Middle and Southern Europe.

Golden groundsel, Leopard plant  (Ligularia Dentata) Bloom time Vll - lX. Sun, partial shade. At my place it is a little to dry for it needs moist soil. It is in fact a water edge plant. Slugs and snails like the plants too. There are a lot of ligularia species.

Privet (Ligustrum) If you don’t prune it, it gets beautiful flowers. In the autumn it gets small black fruit. Bloom time: Vl - Vlll.  Privet is used for privacy hedging (hence "privet", private). In winter privet often loses its leaves. Almost each soil is well. Sun, half shade. At us, they stand solitary.

Lily (lilium) I have bought  some species, but they are always eaten by the scarlet lily beetles (Lilioceris lilii) Information: beetles. After some years I have to buy new plants. Bloom time Vl - Vlll.

Common Honeysuckle, European Honeysuckle or Woodbine (Lonicera periclymenum) This is native climber. In my garden it is growing in an old pear tree. Flowers  are very sweet smelling especially at night . Bloom time: V - Vlll. It ‘s a self-twining climber.  Honeysuckles grow best in partial sun to partial shade. Well drained soil.

Yellow loosestrife, circle flower (Lysimachia punctata) Family primrose (Primulaceae)  Bloom time: Vl - Vlll. A handsome plant. It is related to the native wildflower (Lysimachia vulgaris). Partial shade is not a problem. This plant prefers moist conditions but tolerates dryness fairly well. It can be aggressive. To get new plants, divide clumps in spring or autumn.

Lysimachia ciliata "Firecracker" Family primrose (Primulaceae)  Bloom time: Vl - Vlll. Height 70 - 100 cm. Family primrose (Primulaceae) Bloom time: Vl - Vlll. Height: 70 to 100 cm. Normal, moist soil. In our garden it grows among the bushes. Sunny, semi-shade. It has yellow hanging flowers . The leaves are beautiful dark purple, especially when they get enough sun. It can spread in the garden by rhizomes, but less than Yellow loosestrife, circle flower (Lysimachia punctata). Native to North America.

Moneywort, Creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia)  Family primrose  (Primulaceae) Bloom time: V - Vll. It has creeping root-forming stems and is a ground cover. Full sun or partial shade. It belongs to the medicinal herbs (bleeding, cure for diarrhea) Wet to damp soil. Native to Europe, but now you can find Moneywort all over the world. It  is also used as an aquarium plant. In our garden it grows near the pond.

Purple-loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Bloom time Vl - lX. At my place it ‘s growing at the pond. It’s native in Holland. Wet soil. Height in our garden 1.20 m. In America it’s an invasive species.

Malva (malva) Fam. Malvaceae. It spreads by self-seeding, but does not become invasive. Sunny. The soil has to be well-drained. Bloom  time: Vll - lX Some species are native in the  Netherlands.  Common mallow (Malva neglecta), High Mallow (Malva sylvestris) en Musk-mallow (Malva moschata)

Water Mint (Mentha aquatica) Bloom time VII - IX. Full or part sun. Strongly mint-scented perennial of damp ground, also growing in water of my pond. Water Mint will self-seed and  will spread by underground rhizomes. Native throughout Europe, also northwest Africa and southwest Asia.

Shoo-Fly Plant, Apple of Peru (Nicandra physalodes) Nightshade family (Solanaceae). Yearly. Bloom time: VI - IX. Full sun to partial shade, with a well-drained soil. The seeds are small but the plants will reach 1 to 2 m in height. It lives one year. Sometimes the seeds will just reseed themselves but I always sow some anyway. Bell-shaped flowers followed by ornamental papery Chinese lanterns. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Native to South America (especially in Peru).

Common Evening primrose, Evening star (Oenothera biennis)  Bloomtime VI – X. The fragrant yellow blooms open in the evening and each individual flower lasts just one night This plant forms a stubby rosette during the first year, the second year it flowers, sets seed, and dies. The seeds are small enough to be dispersed by the wind. It prefers full sun,  somewhat sandy soil, but other growing conditions are acceptable. The seeds are used to produce evening primrose oil. It was introduced from North America in the seventeenth century.

Opuntia. I have two winter-hardy species in the garden. Dry, sandy or gravely, well-drained soils in full sun. The opuntia with red flower is an opuntia. macrorhiza. In winter I put them near the house at the south site.

Chinese ground orchid (Bletilla) It is native to China and Japan. Chinese ground orchids prefer a moist, well-composted soil. In my garden they are growing near the pond. It grows via short rhizomes. Bloom time: Vll - lX.

Leopard Marsh orchid or Flecked Marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza pardalina) For some years, it appeared spontaneously near the pond. It s a wild plant. Bloom time: Vl – lX   Although it avoids truly acid conditions, it tolerates a wide range of soils, growing in fens, wet meadows.

Sweet Marjoram (Origanum) Bloom time: VII - IX. An undershrub. Well drained to dry soil, and full sun.  Native to the Mediterranean region.  It is used for culinary purposes.  Relatated specie: Wild marjoram. (Origanum vulgare) For me it is difficult to find the difference.

Oxalis (Oxalis) I don’t know the species. Bloom time Vll - lX. Sunny.

Oriental poppy (papaver orientale) Bloom time: Vl - Vlll. It ‘s a perennial ( The red poppy isn’t )  For me the oriental poppy isn’t very beautiful, but it may stay in the garden. It usually thrives in light calcarous soil and in full sun or part shade. Now there are many different colours. It doesn't reseed itself in our garden.

Green Alkanet, Evergreen Bugloss (Pentaglottis sempervirens) Bloom time: IV - VIII. The stems can reach up to 75 cm. Than you can cut them off. The plant will start flowering again.  It is not a true native - in fact its at home in Southern Europe. There are also cultivars.

Sticky Jerusalem sage (Phlomis russeliana) Mint family (Lamiaceae)  Bloom time: VI - VIII. Full sun. It took one year before it began to flower in the garden. It has yellow, hooded flowers in whorls around stems into ball-shaped clusters.  After flowering the stem and flower head dry and stay throughout the winter. It gives a nice effect. Especially because the gray-green leaves, which forms a big clump, stay green. Height 80 to 100 cm. The plant is native to Turkey and Syria.

Garden phlox (Phlox 'Bright Eyes') Bloom time: Vll - lX. Phlox is a perennial native to North America. Well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.

Creeping Phlox, Flowering Moss, Moss Phlox  (Phlox subulata) A sunny spot with well-drained soil and prune after flowering for a healthier plant.  Bloom time IV – VI

Phlox Rembrandt Bloom time: Vll - lX.

Cold hardy cape fuchsia (phygelius capensis) Their common name is misleading: The  blossoms are similar to those of hardy fuchsias, but they're unrelated. It’s an evergreen, somewhat shrubby plant, one meter tall. It is quite hardy in a sheltered spot. Bloom time: VI - VIII. Full or part sun. Prefers well drained soil. In spring you can prune it. Native to South Africa.

Obedient Plant, False Dragonhead (Physostegia) Sun to partial shade. Bloom time: VII - IX. The  name "obedient plant" results from the fact that the flowers will remain in place after being moved.. Plants spread by way of rhizomes forming large spreading colonies and can be a problem. Prefers rich, moist but well drained soil  Native to most of the United States

Knotweed, knotgrass (Polygonum affine) Bloom time: Vl - lX. A mat-forming, spreading plant. Moist, well-drained, average soil. Sunny. You can see its large brother (Polygonum amplexicaule) on the photo of the garden in  autumn. There are a lot of species. You can multiply by dividing

Pickerel weed (Pontederia lanceolata)  Very pretty aquatic plant. Bloom time: Vlll - X. Full sun and in partial sun. Preferred Habitat: Shallow water of ponds. Pickerel weed can be invasive under certain circumstances, as its name suggests. After some years it is grown out of its container. Native to Middle and North-America

Postula Syberica Sun, partial shade

Rodgersia aesculifolia  Family Saxifragaceae.  Bloom time VI, VII.  They are beautiful plants about one meters high. They like humus rich, moist soil. Half shade. Native to China.

Fairy rose (Rosa ' The Fairy ') The Rose doesn’t grow very well in our garden. I think the soil is to dry. This Rose tolerates poor soil and shade.

Rose. I don’t know the species. When we bought the house thirty years ago, they already were in the garden. The spot, where they are growing is not good (dry, poor soil, shade), but they bloom every year.

Common Rue, Herb-of-grace  (Ruta graveolens) Bloom time: Vl - Vlll. Well drained soil in sun or partial shaded positions. It’s a hardy, evergreen, somewhat shrubby plant. Native to the Mediterranean region. Old Shrubs you can prune in spring up to 10 or 20 cm to encourage fresh new foliage. It was used in many ancient Roman recipes but because it is very bitter, it is usually not suitable for most modern tastes. However, it cannot be consumed in large volume, or it can become toxic.

Lizard's Tail, water dragon (Saurus cernuus) The preference is light shade to partial sun and wet mucky soil to shallow water. (10 - 20 cm water) Bloom time Vll – Vlll. Lizard's tail is native to much of the eastern United States. It grows of course in our pound.

Sedum I have several sedum species on a dry and sandy place. There they grow well. Futher information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedum

Japanese spirea (Spirea Japonica. 'Goldflame') Bloom time: V - Vlll. Partial shade, full sun. It will grow in a wide variety of soils. They bloom on the current season's growth. Japanese spirea should be pruned in winter or early spring. There are many species of spireas. Goldflame, because it has foliage that turns from green-gold to yellow to bronzy-orange. Native to Japan, Korea and China.

Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) Bloom time: V - VIII. There are male and female plants. The leaves accumulate calcium carbonate and by  autumn this makes them heavy enough to sink to the bottom of the pond. The new leaves in spring do not have this calcium carbonate and so rise to the surface. Plants are dioecious. (male and female plants)  The rosette sends out buds of leaves at the end of long runners, which rise to the surface in the spring, and become separate plants.  Native to the Netherlands, but rare.

Succisella inflexa "frosted pearls"  A Cultivar. Related to the Devilsbit Scabious (Succisa pratensis) Bloom time: Vll - X. Beautiful ball-shaped flowers, white with a hint of light blue.   It tolerates a wide range of soils, but not too moist. Sun to partial shade. It is attractive to insects. Height: 40-70 cm.

Meadow rue (Thalictrum. aquilegifolium) Bloom time: V - Vl. The soil has to stay moist. Full sun or part shade. You also see the pink flowers of meadow bistort.  In the pond the watersoldier and Buckbean are growing too much. ( There are too many watersoldiers and Buckbean in the pond )  I have to remove a part of it.

Fringecups, Bigflower Tellima (Tellima grandiflora)  Family Saxifragaceae Bloom time: V - VII. Part shade, full shade. Height 40 cm.  The small, bell-shaped flowers on a wiry stem are difficult to photograph. Moist, but also dry soil. Native to North America.

Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia "Oakleaf") Family: Saxifragaceae Bloom time: IV - VI. Late spring to early summer. Part shade, full shade.  Height 20 cm. Well-drained, moist, rich soil. Cultivar of the North American species.

Spiderwort (Tradescantia) The flowers have a very short life like daylilies  (only one day) but each plant will produce 20 or more flowers per stem. Bloom time: Vl - lX.  Well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. To multiply: By cracks. On the end of their flowering period they are eaten by slugs and snails. Tradescantia is the name of a Flemish gardener Johan Tradescant, who has introduced the species in Europe in the 17th century from North - America.

Nederlands / Dutch                                                                            

Subpage:   Weeds and wild plants in the garden

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